职业行为准则

规则1.18:对潜在客户的责任

(a)与澳门赌场官网讨论就某一事项建立客户-澳门赌场官网关系的可能性的人是潜在客户.
   (b) Even when no client-lawyer relationship ensues, a lawyer who has had discussions with a prospective client shall not use or reveal information learned in the consultation, 规则1允许的情况除外.6.
   (c)符合(b)款规定的澳门赌场官网，如果从潜在客户处获得保密或秘密，则不得代表在同一事项或实质性相关事项上与潜在客户的利益有重大不利关系的客户, (d)段另有规定的除外. If a lawyer is disqualified from representation under this paragraph, 与该澳门赌场官网有关联的澳门赌场官网事务所的任何澳门赌场官网不得在知情的情况下承担或继续代理此类事项, (d)段另有规定的除外.
   (d) When the lawyer has received a confidence or secret from the prospective client, 如果:
        (1) both the affected client and the prospective client have given informed consent, or
        (2) the disqualified lawyer is timely screened from any participation in the matter.

评论

   [1]潜在客户, 像客户, 可以向澳门赌场官网透露信息吗, place documents or other property in the lawyer’s custody, 或者依赖澳门赌场官网的建议. 澳门赌场官网与潜在客户的讨论通常在时间和深度上都是有限的，并且让潜在客户和澳门赌场官网都可以自由地(有时是被要求的)不再进行进一步的讨论. 如果一个澳门赌场官网被取消资格的唯一原因是他与一个潜在的新客户进行了首次咨询，而这个客户从未与他建立过客户-澳门赌场官网关系，那么忠诚原则的重要性就会降低, either because the lawyer detected a conflict of interest as a result of an initial consultation, 或者其他原因(e).g., the prospective client decided not to retain the firm). Hence, prospective clients should receive some 但 not all of the protection afforded clients.
   [2] Not all persons who communicate information to a lawyer are entitled to protection under this rule. A person who communicates information unilaterally to a lawyer, 没有任何合理的期望澳门赌场官网愿意讨论建立客户-澳门赌场官网关系的可能性, is not a “prospective client” within the meaning of paragraph (a).
   [3]在决定建立客户-澳门赌场官网关系之前的初步咨询中，潜在客户通常有必要向澳门赌场官网透露一些信息. 作为决定客户是否希望建立客户-澳门赌场官网关系的过程的一部分，客户可以披露这些信息. 澳门赌场官网通常必须了解这些信息，以确定是否与现有客户存在利益冲突，以及该澳门赌场官网是否愿意承担此事. 此类信息一般受规则1保护.6, even if the client or lawyer decides not to proceed with the representation. 看到 规则1.评论[9]. 规则1 (b)款.18 prohibits the lawyer from using or revealing that information, 规则1允许的情况除外.6. The duty to protect confidences and secrets exists regardless of how brief the initial conference may be. 禁止使用或披露从潜在客户那里获得的信息可能反过来导致该澳门赌场官网根据规则1被取消资格.7(b)(4)代表本所当前或未来客户，不得对潜在客户不利，因为该澳门赌场官网无法使用或披露来自潜在客户的信息，可能会对该澳门赌场官网代表本所当前或未来客户的专业判断产生不利影响，而该客户的利益与潜在客户的利益不利.
   [4] In order to avoid acquiring confidences and secrets from a prospective client, 澳门赌场官网在考虑是否接受新案件时，可以将初次面谈限制在不构成保密或秘密的信息范围内, if the lawyer can do so and still determine whether a conflict of interest or other reason for non-representation exists. An individual lawyer of the firm who obtains information from a prospective client is permitted by 规则1.6(a) to disclose that information to other persons in the lawyer’s firm, 但 any such dissemination may cause additional individual lawyers of the firm to be personally disqualified. 如果律所希望保留第(d)(2)段规定的筛选选项，允许个人不丧失资格的澳门赌场官网代表客户处理相同或实质相关的事务, the firm must limit and control dissemination of information obtained from the prospective client. Where the information from the prospective client indicates that any reason for non-representation exists, the lawyer should so inform the prospective client or decline the representation. If the prospective client wishes to retain the lawyer, and if consent is possible under 规则1.7, then informed consent from all affected present or former clients must be obtained before accepting the representation.
   [5]澳门赌场官网在与潜在客户的谈话中，可以以当事人的知情同意为条件，即在咨询过程中披露的任何信息都不会妨碍澳门赌场官网在该问题上代表其他客户. For the definition of “informed consent,” 看到 规则1.0(e). 协议明文规定的, the prospective client may also consent to the lawyer’s subsequent use of information received from the prospective client.
   [6]即使没有协议, 根据(c)段, 除非澳门赌场官网从潜在客户那里获得了机密和秘密，否则不禁止澳门赌场官网代表与潜在客户在相同或实质性相关事项上有不利利益的客户. ABA模型规则1.第18条规定，只有在澳门赌场官网收到的资料用于该事项可能造成重大损害的情况下，才可取消澳门赌场官网的个人资格, 但D项正确.C. 规则1.18是由于更广泛地保护潜在客户的利益以及难以确定信息的使用是否会对潜在客户造成重大损害而接受任何保密或秘密.
   [7]根据(c)段, the prohibition in this rule is imputed to other lawyers as provided in 规则1.10, 但, 根据(d)(1)段, imputation may be avoided if the lawyer obtains the informed consent of both the prospective and affected clients. 在另一种情况下, imputation may be avoided under paragraph (d)(2) if all disqualified lawyers are timely screened. 看到 规则1.0(l)(筛选程序要求). When a firm may wish to rely on paragraph (d)(2) to avoid imputed disqualification of the firm as a whole, 一旦怀疑存在实际或潜在的冲突，就应采取积极措施，防止个人被取消资格的澳门赌场官网传播任何关于受规则1保护的潜在客户的信息.6, except as necessary to investigate potential conflicts of interest, 给公司里的其他人, 包括非澳门赌场官网人员. 律所里任何一个真正收到, 直接或间接, protected information provided by a prospective client is disqualified. 不同于ABA模型规则1.18, this rule does not condition use of screening on the taking of reasonable measures by the personally disqualified lawyer to avoid exposure to more disqualifying information than was reasonably necessary to determine whether to represent the prospective client; that is because the screen protects the prospective client regardless of the amount of information received by the personally disqualified lawyer, and this standard may be difficult to apply in practice. This rule does not prohibit the screened lawyer from receiving any part of the fee, 与ABA模型规则1相反.18, because the substantial administrative burden of complying with such a prohibition exceeds any marginal benefit.
   [8]该规则与ABA模型规则1不同.18, 是否不要求通知潜在客户，律所内个人不被取消资格的澳门赌场官网在符合筛选要求的相同或实质相关事项上代表与潜在客户不利的客户, because the lack of such a notice requirement under the prior D.C. 关于潜在客户的规则(规则1).第10(a)条没有被证明有问题，并且不清楚通知要求是否实质性地促进了潜在客户的任何重大利益.
   [9] For the duty of competence of a lawyer who gives assistance on the merits of a matter to a prospective client, 看到 规则1.1. For a lawyer’s duties when a prospective client entrusts valuables or papers to the lawyer’s care, 看到 规则1.15.